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			<journal-meta>
				<journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">journalsr</journal-id>
				<journal-title-group>
					<journal-title xml:lang="ru">Южно-российский журнал социальных наук</journal-title>
					<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
						<trans-title>South-Russian Journal of Social Sciences</trans-title>
					</trans-title-group>
				</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2618-8007</issn>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0567</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Кубанский государственный университет</publisher-name>
				<publisher-loc>RU</publisher-loc>
			</publisher>
			<self-uri xlink:href="https://journalsr.kubsu.ru/" />
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		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31429/</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group xml:lang="ru" subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Научная статья</subject></subj-group>
				<subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original article</subject></subj-group>
				<subj-group xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социологические интерпретации</subject></subj-group>
				<subj-group xml:lang="en"><subject>Sociological Interpretations</subject></subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title xml:lang="ru">Был ли капитализм? Анализ русской языковой среды в XIX и XX веках с помощью больших данных</article-title>
				<trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
					<trans-title>Where is capitalism? A big data analysis of the Russian language area in the XIX and XX centuries</trans-title>
					</trans-title-group>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group content-type="author">
				<contrib >
					<name-alternatives>
						<string-name specific-use="display">Рот С.</string-name>
						<name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
							<surname>Рот</surname>
							<given-names>Стеффен</given-names>
						</name>
						<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
							<surname>Roth</surname>
							<given-names>Steffen</given-names>
						</name>
					</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1" />
					<email>roths@esc-larochelle.fr</email>
					<bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, La Rochelle Business School, La Rochelle, France</p></bio>
					<bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, профессор, Бизнес-школа Ла Рошель, Ла Рошель, Франция</p></bio>
				</contrib>
				<contrib >
					<name-alternatives>
						<string-name specific-use="display">Трофимов Н.А.</string-name>
						<name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
							<surname>Трофимов</surname>
							<given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names>
						</name>
						<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
							<surname>Trofimov</surname>
							<given-names>Nikolay A.</given-names>
						</name>
					</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2" />
					<email>n.trofimov@issras.ru</email>
					<bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Institute for the Study of Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</p></bio>
					<bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник, Институт проблем развития науки Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия</p></bio>
				</contrib>
				<contrib >
					<name-alternatives>
						<string-name specific-use="display">Мкртичян А.Е.</string-name>
						<name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="ru">
							<surname>Мкртичян</surname>
							<given-names>Артур Ервандович</given-names>
						</name>
						<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
							<surname>Mkrtichyan</surname>
							<given-names>Artur Ye.</given-names>
						</name>
					</name-alternatives>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3" />
					<email>amkrtchyan@ysu.am</email>
					<bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Sociology), Prof., Dean of the Faculty of Sociology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia</p></bio>
					<bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор социологических наук, профессор, декан факультета социологии, Ереванский государственный университет, Армения</p></bio>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff-1"><institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="ru">Школа бизнеса Ла Рошель</institution><institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">La Rochelle Business School</institution></aff>
			<aff id="aff-2"><institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем развития науки Российской академии наук</institution><institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Institute for the Study of Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</institution></aff>
			<aff id="aff-3"><institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="ru">Ереванский государственный университет</institution><institution content-type="orgname" xml:lang="en">Yerevan State University</institution></aff>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-07" publication-format="ppub">
				<day>07</day>
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2018</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>19</volume>
			<issue>2</issue>
				<fpage>6</fpage>
				<lpage>26</lpage>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-01-20">
					<day>20</day>
					<month>01</month>
					<year>2018</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-02-25">
					<day>25</day>
					<month>02</month>
					<year>2018</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-06-07">
					<day>07</day>
					<month>06</month>
					<year>2018</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2018 Стеффен Рот, Николай Александрович Трофимов, Артур Ервандович Мкртичян</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
				<copyright-holder>Стеффен Рот, Николай Александрович Трофимов, Артур Ервандович Мкртичян</copyright-holder>
				<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
					<license-p>Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<self-uri xlink:href="https://journalsr.kubsu.ru/article/view/1" />
			<abstract xml:lang="en">
				<p>Foresights and futures studies critically depend on the adequacy of our knowledge of the present and the past. This article tests whether the Russian speaking world may be adequately described as secularised and capitalist language area between 1800 and 2000. We are using the Google Ngram Viewer to chart and interpret time series plots of combined frequencies of pertinent keywords in the largest Internet book corpus, the Google Books corpus. The results confirm a growing functional differentiation and suggest that the Russian language area is a secularised, politicised, and scientificised language area which has never been dominated by the economy. Since the First World War, politics became an absolutely dominating, hypertrophied function system. Science became increasingly important in the XX century, particularly in times of the Cold War, being the second most important system in the Russian language area, followed by mass media, law and economy by the end of the XX century. Economy was traditionally a marginal function system during the whole period before the Russian revolution, supporting the idea about a traditionally communitarian character of the Russian system of house-keeping (хозяйство) and house-building (домостроительство). The importance of economy increased only during socialism (particularly during 1950-s — 1980-s), ideologically antagonizing mercantilism of the West. Thus, the historical periods of divulgation of socialist views and criticism of capitalism and exploitation overlapped with periods of strengthening positions of this function system within the Russian language area, which alludes to a certain similarity of programmes, standing behind socialist and capitalist societies. We conclude that the sample period may not be characterised as a period with the predominance of political economy or capitalism if we associate capitalism or political economy with any form of over-average importance or even dominance of the economy. This finding contradicts popular commonsense statements, as well as statements memorized within the literature of the political economy and socialism regarding macro-social evidence of capitalism in Russia between 1800 and 2000.</p>
			</abstract>
			<abstract xml:lang="ru">
				<p>Изучение социальных трансформаций будущего и будущего социальных трансформаций зависит от релевантности нашего знания о современности и прошлом. Целью нашего исследования является изучение эволюции ключевых концептов социальной дифференциации, отраженных в русскоязычной книгопечатной коммуникации. Основной задачей является тестирование гипотез о правдоподобности описания русской языковой среды в терминах политизации, секуляризации, медиатизации (информатизации) и доминирования функциональной системы экономики и капитализма как одной из форм описания этого доминирования в период 1800–2000 гг. В ходе нашего исследования мы использовали графический инструмент Google Ngram Viewer, позволяющий в режиме реального времени отображать временные ряды (графики) нормализованной по количеству книг, опубликованных в течение каждого календарного года, относительной частоты встречаемости n-грамм, в том числе слов и словосочетаний, в крупнейшей в мире диахронической языковой базе данных оцифрованных книг (размеченных текстов) Google Books. С помощью Google Ngram Viewer мы составили графики комбинированных нормализованных частот встречаемости ключевых русских слов, относящихся к 10 различным функциональным системам русскоязычной среды. Результаты исследования подтверждают нарастающую функциональную дифференциацию, сильную политизацию, ярко выраженную секуляризацию и сциентификацию русскоязычной коммуникации, отраженной в книгопечатном дискурсе. В то же время отмечается, что экономика была маргинальной функциональной системой до революции. Несмотря на выявленное укрепление позиций экономики после революции и обнаружение относительного апогея влиятельности этой функциональной системы в 50–80-е гг. XX в., отсутствие достоверных данных о доминировании функциональной системы экономики противоречит распространенным на уровне здравого смысла и запечатленным в литературе политэкономии и социализма утверждениям о макро-социальных проявлениях капитализма в России в период с 1800 по 2000 г.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
				<kwd>культуромика</kwd>
				<kwd>секуляризация</kwd>
				<kwd>Google Ngram Viewer</kwd>
				<kwd>социальные системы</kwd>
				<kwd>Луман</kwd>
				<kwd>перформативность</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<kwd>culturomics</kwd>
				<kwd>secularization</kwd>
				<kwd>Google Ngram Viewer</kwd>
				<kwd>social systems</kwd>
				<kwd>Luhmann</kwd>
				<kwd>performativity</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts><page-count count="21" /></counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body></body>
	<back>
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