Негосударственные акторы и нелегальная миграция: новый европейский подход к политике безопасности | Южно-российский журнал социальных наук
Негосударственные акторы и нелегальная миграция: новый европейский подход к политике безопасности
Том 20 (2019) № 1, Политические институты и процессы
Том 20 (2019) № 1
Политические институты и процессы

Non-state Actors and Illegal Migration: a New European Approach to Security Policies
[ Негосударственные акторы и нелегальная миграция: новый европейский подход к политике безопасности ]

Bargiacchi P.
Университет КОРЕ, Читаделла Университариа
ORCID ID 0000-0001-5564-6798
PDF (Английский)
https://doi.org/10.31429/26190567-20-1-24-39
https://doi.org/10.31429/26190567-20-1-24-39

Как цитировать Array

Bargiacchi P. Non-state Actors and Illegal Migration: a New European Approach to Security Policies // Южно-российский журнал социальных наук. 2019. Т. 20, №1. С. 24-39. DOI: 10.31429/26190567-20-1-24-39
Дата поступления 2019-02-09
Дата принятия 2019-02-25
Дата публикации 2019-03-23

Copyright (c) 2019 Паоло Барджакки

Лицензия Creative Commons

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.

Аннотация

Влияние негосударственных акторов, таких как организованные вооружённые группы (ОВГ), организованные криминальные группы (ОКГ) и террористические группы на регион Европейского Средиземноморья является двояким. Они разжигают нестабильность, преступность, насилие и вооружённые конфликты в этом регионе и становятся провоцирующим фактором, и даже средством, нелегальной миграции в Европу, где этот феномен зачастую воспринимают как серьёзную угрозу безопасности. Это обуславливает реакцию ЕС на миграцию и соответствующую политику безопасности. После многих лет всесторонней борьбы за права человека, европейские страны стремятся найти новое, отличное от прежнего, равновесие между правами человека и безопасностью. Создаётся впечатление, что сегодня страны Евросоюза готовы сменить политический идеализм и правовой функционализм в сфере миграции и прав человека на прагматизм с большим политическим уклоном и на правовой формализм в области безопасности. Символично, что в этом новом подходе к политике безопасности просматриваются некоторые черты американского правосудия (более ограниченный судебный надзор, а также более формальная интерпретация закона и его применение. Даже несмотря на то, что в настоящее время Европа в значительной мере остаётся приверженной высоким стандартам защиты прав человека, стремление правительств европейских стран к более высокому уровню безопасности может привести их к столкновению с наднациональными судами и с функционалистским подходом последних к защите прав человека.

Ключевые слова

негосударственные акторы и нелегальная миграция, безопасность и права человека, европейский и американский подходы к безопасности, влияние негосударственных акторов на регион Европейского Средиземноморья и ЕС, новая политика безопасности ЕС

Финансирование

Эта статья является результатом исследования, проведенного автором в рамках Сетевого проекта Жана Моне "Мир, война и мир в вызовах европейской безопасности", совместно финансируемого Программой Европейского Союза "Эразмус+" (http://powers-network.vsu.ru/en/home/).

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