Аннотация
Целью статьи стало изложение деконструкции представлений о нарциссизме и небольшая эмпирическая иллюстрация его распространения среди молодежи двух национальностей (армяне, русские). Непатологический нарциссизм приобретает широкое распространение среди молодежи, что отражено в современных отечественных и зарубежных исследованиях. Черты нарциссизма фиксируют у участников сетевых сообществ. Теоретической основой в описании представлений о нарциссизме стала концепция З. Фрейда, открывающая знание о его первичной и вторичной формах. Рассматриваются модели личностного нарциссизма, включающего следующие его формы: грандиозный, уязвимый; нарциссический антагонизм, агентивная экстраверсия и нарциссический невротизм. Высказывается мнение о том, что широкое распространение нарциссизма связано с повышенной тревожностью и незащищенностью населения. Современный дискурс породил понятие «коллективный нарциссизм» (A.G. de Zavala), которое, до конца ещё не разработано. Индивидуальный нарциссизм связан с коллективным. Индивидуальный и коллективный нарциссизм служит защитой от общественных кризисов. Проведен сравнительный анализ выраженности нарциссизма и тревожности у студентов русской и армянской национальностей. Выборку составили 340 (190 девушек) представителей русской и 200 (120 девушек) человек армянской национальности, в возрасте от 19 до 25 лет, студенты вузов г. Ростова-на-Дону. Применялись методики: (NPI) нарциссический опросник личности; методика по выявлению личностной и ситуативной тревожности, методика большой пятерки. Результаты показали выраженность в большей степени нарциссизма у русских. При этом многие личностные особенности были взаимосвязаны с характеристиками нарциссизма. Тревожность в равной степени выражена в обеих группах. Подобная тенденция нами была обнаружена ранее в сравнении выраженности нарциссизма у студентов русской и азербайджанской национальностей.
Ключевые слова
Финансирование
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (РНФ) в рамках научного проекта № 22-28-00520 «Трансформация конспиративистской ментальности молодежи поколения Y и Z».
Библиографические ссылки
- Ahmadi, V., Ahmadi, S., Honarmand, M. M., Zargar, Y., & Mirshekar, S. (2013). The Relationships Between Attachment Styles and Narcissism among Students of Shahid Chamran University in Iran. Procedia — Social and Behavioral Sciences, 849, 215–218. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.537
- Akehurst, S., & Thatcher, J. (2010). Narcissism, social anxiety and self-presentation in exercise. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(2), 130–135. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.021
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(4), 440–450.
- Analiticheskiy obzor. Tsennosti molodyozhi [Analytical Review. Youth Values Analytical Overview. Values of the Young People in the Year 2022 According to VCIOM News] (2022). VCIOM novosti [VCIOM News]. Retrieved from https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/cennosti molodezhi?ysclid=llcnehxwja205433575
- Bauman, Z. (2018). Retrotopiya [Retrotopia]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i social’nye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes], 6, 435–442. DOI: 10.14515/monitoring.2018.6.22
- Campbell, W. K., & Green, J. D. (2008). Narcissism and Interpersonal Self-regulation. In J. V. Wood, A. Tesser & J. G. Homes (Eds) The Self and Social Relationships, 73–94. New York: Psychology Press.
- Carone, N., Benzi, I. M. A., Parolin, L.A.L., & Fontana, A. (2023). “I Can’t Miss a Thing” — The Contribution of Defense Mechanisms, Grandiose Narcissism, and Vulnerable Narcissism to Fear of Missing out in Emerging Adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 214, 112333. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112333
- Crowe, M. L., Lynam, D. R., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2019). Exploring the Structure of Narcissism: Toward an Integrated Solution. Journal of Personality, 87, 1151–1169. DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12464
- de Zavala, A. G., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R., & Jayawickreme, N. (2009). Collective Narcissism and its Social Consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1074–1096. DOI: 10.1037/a0016904
- de Zavala, A.G., Bierwiaczonek, K., & Ciesielski, P. (2022). An Interpretation of Meta-analytical Evidence for the link Between Collective Narcissism and Conspiracy Theories. Current Opinion in Psychology, 47, 101360. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101360
- Deneke, F-W, & Hilgenstock B. (1988). Organisationsformen und Regulationsweisen des Selbstsystems. Psychosom Med Psychoanal, 34, 178–195.
- Fontana, A., Benzi, I. M. A., Ghezzi, V., Cianfanelli, B., & Sideli, L. (2023). Narcissistic Traits and Problematic Internet Use among Youths: A Latent Change Score Model Approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 212, 112265. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112265
- Freyd, Z. (1990). Ocherki po psikhologii seksual’nosti [Essays on the Psychology of Sexuality]. Minsk: BelSE.
- Freyd, Z. (2018). Psikhologiya mass i analiz chelovecheskogo “Ya” [Psychology of the Masses and the Analysis of the Human “I”]. M.: AST.
- Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The Five-factor Narcissism Inventory: A Five-factor Measure of Narcissistic Personality Traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(5), 500–512. DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2012.670680
- Gao, S., Thomaes, S., Van Den Noortgate, W., Xie, X., & Wang S. (2019). Recent changes in Narcissism of Chinese Youth: A Cross-temporal Meta-analysis, 2008–2017. Personality and Individual Differences, 1481, 62–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.035
- Hamamura, T., Johnson, C. A., & Stankovic, M. (2020). Narcissism Over Time in Australia and Canada: A Cross-temporal Meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109707. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109707
- Hart, W., Richardson, K., Tortoriello, G. K., & Breeden, C. J. (2019). Revisiting Profiles and Profile Comparisons of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism on Self-presentation Tactic Use. Personality and Individual Differences, 151, 109523. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109523
- Jauk, E., & Kaufman, S.B. (2018). The Higher the Score, the Darker the Core: The Nonlinear Association Between Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism. Front. Psychol., 9 (305). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01305
- Johnson, L.K. (2020). Narcissistic People, not Narcissistic Nations: Using Multilevel Modelling to Explore Narcissism across Countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 163, 110079. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110079
- Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Issledovaniya roli uyazvimogo narcissizma [Investigations on the Role of Vulnerable Narcissism] (2023). Konsul’tativnaya psihologiya i psihoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 31(1), 152–155. DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2023310108
- Kampe, L., Bohn, J., Remmers, C., & Horz-Sagstetter, S. (2021). It’s not that Great Anymore: The Central Role of Defense Mechanisms in Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 661948. DOI: 10.3389/ fpsyt.2021.661948
- Kay, C. S. (2021). The Targets of all Treachery: Delusional Ideation, Paranoia, and the Need for Uniqueness as Mediators between Two Forms of Narcissism and Conspiracy Beliefs. Journal of Research in Personality, 93, 104128. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104128
- Kernberg, O. F. (2000). Tyazhyolye lichnostnye rasstroystva: strategii psikhoterapii [Psychotherapy Strategies for Severe Personality Disorders]. M.: Nezavisimaya firma “Klass”.
- Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2017). The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 22, 3–31.
- Kwiatkowska, M. M., Jułkowski, T., Rogoza, R., Zemojtel-Piotrowska, M., & Fatfouta, R. (2019). Narcissism and Trust: Differential Impact of Agentic, Antagonistic, and Communal Narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 137, 139–143. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.08.027
- Levy, K. N., Ellison, W. D., & Reynoso, J. S. (2011). A Historical Review of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality. In W. K. Campbell, J. D. Miller (Eds), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments, 3–13. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. DOI: 10.1002/9781118093108.ch1
- March, E., Grieve, R., Wagstaff, D., & Slocum, A. (2020). Exploring Anger as a Moderator of Narcissism and Antisocial Behaviour on Tinder. Personality and Individual Differences, 161, 109961. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109961
- Mazin, V. A. (2004). Vvedenie v Lakana [Introduction to Lacan] M.: Pragmatika kul’tury, Novosibirsk: Sib. izd-vo “Nauka”.
- Miklyaeva, A. V., Pishchik, V. I., Postnikova, M. I., Sivrikova, N. V., Chernousova, T. V. (2023). Zhizn’ sovremennyh pokolenij: social’no-psihologicheskie tendencii [The Life of Modern Generations: Socio-Psychological Trends] M.: NIC INFRA-M.
- Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., McCain, J. L., Few, L. R., Crego, & C., Widiger, T. A., et al. (2016). Thinking Structurally about Narcissism: An Examination of the Five-factor Narcissism Inventory and its Components. J. Personal. Disord, 30, 1–18. DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2015_29_177
- Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017). Controversies in Narcissism. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13(1), 291–315. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045244
- Pavlova, O. N. (2010). Tsivilizacionnyi fenomen narcissizma: vektory ob’’ektivatsii v paradigme psihoanaliza [Civilizational Phenomenon of Narcissism: Vectors of Objectification in a Paradigm of Psychoanalysis]. Voprosy filosofii, [Voprosy Filosofii] 6, 20–32.
- Petros’yan, S. N., Ryabikina, Z. I. (2022). Samoorganizatsiya sistem lichnostnogo pozicionirovaniya v prostranstve so-bytiya [Self-Organization of Personal Positioning Systems in the Space of Co-Existence]. Yuzhno-Rossijskij zhurnal social’nyh nauk [South Russian Journal of Social Sciences], 23(1), 133–145. DOI: 10.31429/26190567-23-1-133-145
- Pishchik, V. I. (2010). “Poterya” tradicionnoy sub’’ektnosti pokoleniy kak fenomen transformatsii mental’nosti [“The Loss” of Generations’ Traditional Subjectity as The Phenomenon of Mentality Transformation]. Psihologicheskii zhurnal [Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal], 31(2), 20–27.
- Pishchik, V. I. (2021). Narcissizm i uroven’ trevozhnosti Azerbaidzhanskih i Rossijskih studentov s razlichnymi otsenkami autostereotipov povedeniya [Narcissism and Anxiety Level of Azerbaijani and Russian Students with Different Assessments of Autostereotypes of Behavior]. Psihologicheskii zhurnal [Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal], 42(5), 24–36. DOI: 10.31857/S020595920016044-4
- Pochebut, L. G. (2005). Vzaimoponimanie Kul’tur . Metodologiya i metody etnicheskoy i kross-kul’turnoy psikhologii. Psikhologiya mezhetnicheskoy tolerantnosti [Mutual Understanding of Cultures. Mutual Understanding of Cultures. Methodology and Methods of Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Psychology. Psychology of Interethnic Tolerance]. SPb.: Izd-vo SPbGU.
- Pol’skaya, N. A., Solov’yanova, Yu. A. (2019). Narcissicheskie cherty lichnosti i ih vzaimosvyaz’ s raznymi aspektami samootnosheniya v molodezhnoi vyborke [Narcissistic Features of Personality and Their Correlation with Self-Attitude in Young Adult Sample]. Klinicheskaya i special’naya psikhologiya [Clinical Psychology and Special Education], 8(4), 74–92. DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2019080405
- Prokhorov, A. O. (2004). Metodiki diagnostiki i izmereniya psikhicheskikh sostoyaniy lichnosti [Methods of Diagnosis and Measurement of Mental States of Personality]. M.: PER SE.
- Prunas, A., Di Pierro, R., Huemer, J., & Tagini, A. (2019). Defense Mechanisms, Remembered Parental Caregiving, and Adult Attachment Style. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 36(1), 64–72. DOI: 10.1037/pap0000158
- Sedakova, O. A. (2022). I zhizni novizna. Ob iskusstve, vere i obshchestve [And the Newness of Life. On art, Faith and Society]. M.: Nikeya.
- Sergeeva, A. S., Kirillov, B. A., Dzhumagulova, A. F. (2016). Perevod i adaptaciya kratkogo pyatifaktornogo oprosnika lichnosti (TIPI-RU): ocenka konvergentnoi validnosti, vnutrennej soglasovannosti i test-retestovoi nadezhnosti [Translation and Adaptation of Short Five Factor Personality Questionnaire (Tipi-Ru): Convergent Validity, Internal Consistency and Test-Retest Reliability Evaluation]. Eksperimental’naya psihologiya [Experimental Psychology], 9(3), 138–154. DOI: 10.17759/exppsy.2016090311
- Shabukaeva, M. R. (2023). Izuchenie vzaimosvyazei kollektivnogo narcissizma i lichnostnyh osobennosti studentov [Collective Narcissism in Connection with the Students’ Personal Characteristics]. Innovatsionnaya nauka: Psihologiya. Pedagogika. Defektologiya [Innovative Science: Psychology, Pedagogy, Defectology], 6(1), 5–12. DOI: 10.23947/2658-7165-2023-6-1-5-12
- Steiner, T. G., Levy, K. N., Brandenburg, J. C., & Adams, R. B. (2021). In the Mind of the Beholder: Narcissism Relates to a Distorted and Enhanced Self-image. Personality and Individual Differences, 173, 110608. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110608
- The Inglehart-Welzel World Cultural Map — World Values Survey 7 (2023). WVS Database. Retrieved from worldvaluessurvey.org.
- Yu, E., & Kim, H.-C. (2020). Is She Really happy? A Dual-path Model of Narcissistic Self-presentation Outcomes for Female Facebook Users. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106328. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106328
- Zabara, I. V. (2023). Narcissicheskii radikal lichnosti kak komponent obraza Ya [Narcissistic Radical of Personality as a Component of Image of the Self]. Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psihologiya [World of Science. Pedagogy and Psychology], 11(2). Retrieved from https://mir-nauki.com/PDF/49PSMN223.pdf