DOI
https://doi.org/10.31429/26190567-22-4-81-97Как цитировать
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
Copyright (c) 2022 Николай Владимирович Гришин, Анна Мария Линдерс
Аннотация
В статье представлен обзор исследований вопросов трансформации института выборов в период пандемии COVID‑19. Обзор охватывает академическую и экспертную литературу 2020–2021 годов. Охарактеризованы основные исследовательские центры, изучающие влияние пандемии на избирательный процесс. Выявлены основные направления, важнейшие аргументы и результаты дискуссии о допустимости переноса выборов в период пандемии. Установлено, что в течение 2020 года большинство исследователей обосновывали целесообразность переноса выборов перед альтернативой искажения процедур избирательной кампании. Выявлена исключительно высокая степень солидарности между исследователями в вопросе о том, что решения о выборах в период пандемии должны приниматься на основе широкого политического консенсуса. Рассмотрены вопросы введения и распространения новых процедур голосования во время пандемии. Установлены различия между американскими и европейскими экспертами в отношении к перспективам и приемлемости распространения альтернативных процедур голосования. В рассматриваемый период не сформировались устойчивые тенденции в понимании и интерпретации произошедших электоральных изменений. Существующие методологические установки, в частности непопулярность традиционного институционализма, препятствуют комплексному изучению трансформации электоральных институтов в современной науке. Впервые за несколько десятилетий рассмотрения электоральных институтов в англоязычной науке пресеклось доминирование либеральных идеологических ценностей. На современном этапе развития представлений об организации выборов ценностные и правовые ориентиры уступают первенство прагматическому подходу. Пандемия может приостановить дальнейшее развитие избирательных стандартов.
Ключевые слова
Информация о финансировании
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ-ЭИСИ в рамках научного проекта № 21-011-31777 «Трансформация института выборов в период пандемии COVID-19: от временных мер до перспективных новаций».
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