Рубрика
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31429/26190567-22-2-53-73Как цитировать
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.
Copyright (c) 2021 Татьяна Игоревна Хайнацкая
Аннотация
В статье проанализированы дискурсы экологического алармизма, которые сегодня доминируют в политической повестке дня. Наука об изменении климата становится все более поляризованной площадкой для публичной полемики. Анализируя интересы, цели и мотивацию субъектов, можно заметить их увеличивающуюся активность в формировании политической повестки посредством создания запроса на благоприятную среду, этическую и экологическую продукцию, ориентацию на экологические принципы в процессе принятия политических решений. Рассматривая в таком контексте экологический алармизм и вопросы, стоящие сегодня на повестке дня экологических и климатических исследований в политической науке, автор преследует цель выявить тех акторов, которые являются потенциальными источниками роста алармизма в политическом дискурсе. На основе анализа дискурсов роли экологических проблем в государственной и публичной политике выдвигается предположение, что экологический алармизм напрямую влияет на политико-управленческие приоритеты. Автор приходит к выводу, что государства, научное и экспертное сообщество, международные организации являются традиционными источниками экологического алармизма, однако сегодня все большую роль начинают приобретать и такие акторы, как экологические неправительственные организации, граждане и бизнес. Все они формируют алармистский дискурс, который непосредственно влияет на политическую повестку дня, выдвигая на передний план вопросы, связанные с защитой окружающей среды. Трезво оценивая влияние алармизма на политический процесс, его положительные и отрицательные стороны, нельзя не отметить, что алармизм способствует консолидации общества: граждане, научное сообщество, экоНПО, предприятия, международные организации объединяются и формируют сети по всему миру для борьбы с общими угрозами и для решения общих проблем.
Ключевые слова
Библиографические ссылки
Ashdown, N. (2019). Why Europe’s Green Wave Slows to a Trickle in the East. POLITICO. Retrieved from https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-green-wave-struggles-in-east/
Atkinson, R., Wu, J. (2017). False Alarmism: Technological Disruption and the U. S. Labor Market. Electronic Journal. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3066052
Bardin, А. L., Sigachev, M. I. (2020). Zelenyy diskurs kak raznovidnost’ novogo levogo populizma. [The Green Discourse as a Type of New Left Populism]. Mirovaya ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], 11(64), 96–105.
Becker, E. (2016). The Influence of Environmental NGOs in the Global Society. Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2(17). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/bjur/vol2/iss1/17
Bennett, A. L., Oliver, J. K. (2002). International Organizations: Principles and Issues. Pearson: University of Delaware.
Betsill, M., Corell M., Dodds F. (2007). NGO Diplomacy: The Influence of Nongovernmental Organizations in International Environmental Negotiations. The MIT Press.
Chmel, K., Klimova, A., Mitrokhina, E. (2020). Politizatsiya ekologicheskogo diskursa v Arkhangelskoy oblasti na primere stroitelstva musornogo poligona okolo stantsii Shiyes [The Politicization of Environmental Discourse in Arkhangelsk Region: The Landfill Site at Shies Railroad Station]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsialnoy politiki [The Journal of Social Policy Studies], 18(1), 83–98.
Crist, E. (2007). Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse. Telos. Retrieved from https://biophilosophy.ca/Teaching/2070papers/crist.pdf
Doroshin, B. A. (2016). Ekologicheskiy alarmizm kak produkt eskhatologicheskogo myshleniya [Ecological Alarmism as a Product of Eschatological Thinking]. XXI vek: itogi proshlogo i problemy nastoyashchego plyus [XXI century: Results of the Past and Problems of the Present Plus], 4(32), 124–131
Efremenko, D. V. (2006). Ekologo-politicheskiye diskursy. Vozniknoveniye i evolyutsiya [Environmental-political discourses. Emergence and Evolution]. M: INION RAN.
Ellen, M. G. (2002). Misconceptions and Misapprehensions about Population Ageing. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(4), 750–753. DOI: 10.1093/ije/31.4.750
Fedotova, V. G. (2011). Novye idei v social’noy teorii [New Ideas in Social Theory]. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 6, 14–24.
Gavin, F. (2009). Same as It Ever Was: Nuclear Alarmism, Proliferation, and the Cold War. International Security, 34(3), 7–37.
Gerasimov V. I., Ilin M. V. (2002). Politicheskiy discours analiz [Political Discourse-Analysis]. Politicheskaya nauka [Political Science], 3, 68–75.
Glocalities. (2019, August). Global Rise in Environmental Concern. Retrieved from https://glocalities.com/latest/reports/environmental-concern
Guerrero, D. G. (2015). The Limits of Capitalist Solutions to the Climate Crisis. In V. Satgar (Ed.) The Climate Crisis (pp. 30–46). Wits University Press.
Hannes S., Zelli F. (2007). International Organizations and the Global Environment. The Politics of the Environment, 55–70. DOI:10.4324/9781315728278-4
Hoffmann, A. A., Sgrò, C. M. (2011). Climate Change and Evolutionary Adaptation. Nature, 470(7335), 479–485. DOI: 10.1038/nature09670
Inczy, Y. (2019). Ekologicheskaya kritika kapitalisticheskogo proizvodstva Marksa i Engel’sa i ee praktika v Kitae [Environmental Criticism of The Capitalist Production of Marx and Engels and its Practice in China]. Voprosy politicheskoy ekonomii [Problems of Political Economy], 3, 85–94.
Jackson, R. B., Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Canadell, J. G., Korsbakken, J. I., Liu, Z., Peters, G. P., & Zheng, B. (2018). Global Energy Growth is Outpacing Decarbonization. Environmental Research Letters, 13(12), 120401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf303
Johnstone M., Kanitsaki, O. (2009). Population Ageing and the Politics of Demographic Alarmism: Implications for the Nursing Profession. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 86–92.
Katz, Stephen. (1992). Alarmist Demography: Power, Knowledge, and the Elderly Population. Journal of Aging Studies, 6, 203–225. DOI:10.1016/0890-4065(92)90001-M
Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Roser-Renouf, C., Feinberg, G., & Rosenthal, S. (2016). Climate Change in the American Mind. Yale University and George Mason University.
Lockwood, М. (2018) Right Wing Populism and the Climate Change Agenda: Exploring the Linkages. Environmental Politics, 27(4), 712–732, DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2018.1458411
Lomborg, B. (2021, April 22). Bjorn Lomborg: This Earth Day let’s replace alarmism with smarter policy. Financialpost. Retrieved from https://financialpost.com/opinion/bjorn-lomborg-this-earth-day-lets-replace-alarmism-with-smarter-policy
London Business School. (2020, January 30). Why Sustainability Was the Star at Davos 2020. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/lbsbusinessstrategyreview/2020/01/29/why-sustainability-was-the-star-at-davos-2020/?sh=272e7c9376a3
Marris, E. (2019). Why Young Climate Activists Have Captured the world’s attention. Nature. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-026960?error=cookies_not_supported&code=40e9bb45-11db-4892-9160-3b35d15b956a
Mazurkiewicz, P. (2004). Corporate Environmental Responsibility: Is a Common CSR Framework Possible? Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Corporate-environmental-responsibility-%3A-Is-a-CSR-Mazurkiewicz/34ada3437f787d1eba711ee34947957e54bdf5f9
Mcguinness, Seamus Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Redmond, Paul. (2021). Skills-Displacing Technological Change and its Impact on Jobs: Challenging Technological Alarmism? Economics of Innovation and New Technology. 1–23. DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2021.1919517
Mel’nikova, S. I. (2013). Dekarbonizatsiya yevropeyskoy energetiki: tseli i realii [Decarbonization of the European Energy Sector: Goals and realities]. Sovremennaya nauka: issledovaniya, idei, rezultaty, tekhnologii [Modern Science: Researches, Ideas, Results, Technologies]. 2(13), 168–172.
Morozova, E. V., Tereshina, M. V., Ermolov, N. G. (2014). Tendentsii razvitiya ekologicheskoy politiki v sovremennom mire [The Trends in Environmental Policy in the Modern World]. Politematicheskiy setevoy elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Polythematic Online Electronic Scientific Journal of the Kuban State Agrarian University], 101(7), 1528–1544.
Movahed, M. (2016, February 15). Does Capitalism have to be Bad for the Environment? World Economic Forum. Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/does-capitalism-have-to-be-bad-for-the-environment/
Nefedov, S. A. (2005). Ekologicheskaya komponenta geopoliticheskoy bezopasnosti [The Environmental Component of Geopolitical Security] (Candidate Thesis). Stavropol’
Otto, S., Kaiser, F. (2014). Ecological Behavior across the Lifespan: Why Environmentalism Increases as People Grow Older. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 331–338. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.08.004
Otto, S., Kaiser, F. (2014). Ecological Behavior across the Lifespan: Why Environmentalism Increases as People Grow Older. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 331–338. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.08.004
Partelow E., Winkler K., Gregory T. (2020). Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations and Global Environmental Discourse. Plos one, 15. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232945
Pearson, М., Rüdig, W. (2020). The Greens in the 2019 European elections. Environmental Politics, 29(2), 336–343. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2019.1709252
Pierrehumbert P. (2019) There is no Plan B for Dealing with the Climate Crisis. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 75(5), 215–221, DOI: 10.1080/00963402.2019.1654255
Pihkala, P. (2020). Climate Grief: How we Mourn a Changing Planet. BBC Future. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200402-climate-grief-mourning-loss-due-to-climate-change
Platonov, K. A. (2016). Vospriyatiye ekologicheskikh riskov: ekspertnyye otsenki i obshchestvennoye mneniye [Perception of Environmental Risks: Expert Assessments and Public Opinion]. Vestnik SPbGU [Vestnik of St. Petersburg State University]. 17(1), 102–110. DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu12.2016.110
Potts, B., Mazzone, M. J. (2020). How Do Oil and Gas Companies Create an ESG Policy That Is Not a Policy of “Transition to Extinction”? Pratt’s Energy Law Report, 20(10), 315–328.
Powell, J. (2017). Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 37(4), 183–184. DOI: 0.1177/0270467619886266.
René, K., (1997). Environmental Policy and Technical Change. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Repetto, R. (2008). The Climate Crisis and the Adaptation Myth. Forestry & Environmental Studies Publications Series, 9(13). Retrieved from https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/fes-pubs/9.
Ripple W., Wolf C., Newsome T., Barnard P., Moomaw W., Maas B., Law B. (2020). The Climate Emergency, Forests, and Transformative Change. BioScience. 70, 446–447. DOI:10.1093/biosci/biaa032.
Rüdig, W. (2019). Green Parties and Elections to the European Parliament, 1979–2019. In L. Ward & J. Brady (Eds.) Greens for a better Europe (pp. 3–40). London publishing partnership.
Samarkina, I. V. (2017). Metody i metodiki izucheniya identichnosti [Methods and Techniques for Studying Identity]. In I. S. Semenenko (Ed.), Identichnost’: lichnost’, obshchestvo, politika. Enciklopedicheskoe izdanie [Identity: Personality, Society, Politics. Encyclopedic Edition] (pp. 50–57). Ves’ mir.
Schmaltz, E., Melvin, E. C., Diana, Z., Gunady, E. F., Rittschof, D., Somarelli, J. A., Virdin, J., & Dunphy-Daly, M. M. (2020). Plastic Pollution Solutions: Emerging Technologies to Prevent and Collectmarineplastic Pollution. Environment international, 144. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106067.
Semenenko, I. S. (2021). Diskursy razvitiya v social’nyh naukah: v preddverii eticheskogo povorota [Discourses of Development in the Social Sciences: On the Threshold of an Ethical Turn]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya [Polis. Political Studies], 2, 25–45.
Semenenko, I. S. (2005). Koporativnoe grazhdanstvo: zapadnye modeli i perspektivy dlya Rossii [Corporate Citizenship: Western Models and Prospects for Russia]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya [Polis. Political Studies], 5, 23–40.
Shellenberger, M. (2020). Apocalypse Never: Why Environmental Alarmism Hurts Us All (Illustrated ed.). Harper.
Smit, B., Wandel, J. (2006). Adaptation, Adaptive Capacity, and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change, 16(3), 282–292. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.008
Soboleva, O. V., Steshenko, A. S. (2020). “ESG–faktory” kak novyy mekhanizm aktivizatsii otvetstvennogo investirovaniya i dostizheniya tseley ustoychivogo [“ESG Factors” as a New Mechanism to Enhance Responsible Investment and Achieve Sustainable Goals]. [Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities] In Ye. V. Viktorova Ustoychivoye razvitiye: vyzovy i vozmozhnosti (pp. 246–255). Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatelstvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo ekonomicheskogo universiteta.
Statement of Scientists and Scholars Concerning the Protests for More Climate Protection. (2020, December 17). Retrieved from https://de.scientists4future.org/initial-statement/
Syed A. (2017). Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) Criteria and Preference of Managers. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1), 1340820, DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2017.1340820
Tagliapietra, S., Wolff, G. B. (2021, March 23). Form a Climate Club: United States, European Union and China. Nature. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586–021–00736–2.
Teun, A. van Dijk. (1997). What is Political Discourse Analysis? Befgian Journal of Linguistics, 11, 11–52.
Thew, H. (2019, March 18). Climate Strikes: Researcher Explains how Young People Сan Keep up the Momentum. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/climate-strikes-researcher-explains-how-young-people-can-keep-up-the-momentum-113594
Thompson, J. B. (1987). Language and Ideology: A Framework for Analysis. The Sociological Review, 35(3), 516–536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1987.tb00554.x
Trippel, E. (2020). How Green is green Enough? The Changing Landscape of Financing a Sustainable European Economy. ERA Forum, 21, 155–170. DOI: 10.1007/s12027-020-00611-z
UNDP. (2021, January). The Peoples’ Climate Vote. UNDP. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/publications/peoples-climate-vote
UNIDO. (2021). What is CSR? United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Retrieved from https://www.unido.org/our-focus/advancing-economic-competitiveness/competitive-trade-capacities-and-corporate-responsibility/corporate-social-responsibility-market-integration/what-csr
Viswanathan L., Varghese G. (2018). Greening of Business: A Step Towards Sustainability. Journal of Public Affairs, 18, DOI: 10.1002/pa.1705.
Woodring, D. (2015, March 6). Plastic Waste More Pressing Than Climate Change. Wharton Magazine. Retrieved from https://magazine.wharton.upenn.edu/digital/is-plastic-waste-more-pressing-than-climate-change/
Yan, P., Schroeder, R., Stier, S. (2021). Is there a Link between Climate change Scepticism and Populism? An Analysis of Web Tracking and Survey Data from Europe and the US. Information, Communication & Society. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2020.1864005
Yanickiy, O. N. Ekologicheskaya politika kak setevoy process [Environmental Policy as a Networking Process]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya [Polis. Political Studies], 2, 44–57.
Zeng, S., Qin, Y., Zeng G. (2019). Impact of Corporate Environmental Responsibility on Investment Efficiency: The Moderating Roles of the Institutional Environment and Consumer Environmental Awareness. Sustainability, 11. DOI: 10.3390/su11174512.