Аннотация
В статье в контексте субъектной парадигмы анализируются результаты эмпирического исследования характеристик эмоциональной сферы в их взаимосвязи с уровнем самоактуализации у военных и гражданских пенсионеров. Самоактуализация человека в пенсионном возрасте выступает как субъектная характеристика и в контексте данного исследования рассматривается как показатель его адаптационной готовности к существенным изменениям социального статуса. Эмоциональный интеллект как комплексная характеристика эмоциональной сферы военного пенсионера исследуется в качестве одной из личностно-психологических детерминант его адаптационной готовности в данный период жизни. Показано, что между военными и гражданскими пенсионерами существуют значимые различия по уровню интегративного эмоционального интеллекта, а также по отдельным его характеристикам. Высказано предположение, что в целом более низкие показатели по шкалам эмоционального интеллекта у военных пенсионеров обусловлены спецификой их предшествующего профессионального и жизненного опыта, исключающего возможности для эффективного формирования и развития отдельных умений и навыков в эмоциональной сфере. Независимо от пенсионного статуса респондентов (военные и гражданские пенсионеры) зафиксированы значимые корреляционные взаимосвязи уровня их самоактуализации и характеристик эмоционального интеллекта. Показано, что для пенсионера как субъекта самоактуализации характерна сформированность ряда характеристик эмоциональной сферы. Умение управлять своими эмоциями, эмоциональная гибкость, умение контролировать собственные эмоции и использовать их для достижения своих целей, а также умение управлять своим поведением за счет управления эмоциями, умение мотивировать себя с помощью эмоций выступают в качестве детерминант, формирующих адаптационную готовность человека к решению простых и сложных жизненных задач, возникающих в критический период его выхода на пенсию.
Ключевые слова
Библиографические ссылки
- Anan'yev, B. G. (1969). Chelovek kak predmet poznaniya [Man as a Subject of Knowledge]. Leningrad Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo universiteta.
- Andreyeva, I. N. (2015). O stanovlenii ponyatiya “emotsional'nyy intellekt” [On the Formation of the Concept of “Emotional Intelligence”]. Voprosy psikhologii [Voprosy Psychologii], 5, 83–95.
- Anokhin, P. K. (1984). Emotsii [Emotions]. In K. Vilyunas, Yu. B. Gippenreyter (Eds.) Psikhologiya emotsiy. Teksty [Psychology of Emotions. Texts] (pp. 170–194). Moskva: Prosveshcheniye.
- Barabanshchikov, V. A. (2006). Psikhologicheskaya nauka na izlome vremen. Istoriya otechestvennoy i mirovoy psikhologicheskoy mysli: postigaya proshloye, ponimat' nastoyashcheye, predvidet' budushcheye [Psychological Science at the Turn of the Century. The History of Domestic and World Psychological Thought: Comprehending the Past, Understanding the Present, Foreseeing the Future]. Moskva: In-t psikhologii RAN.
- Bar-On, R. (2000). Emotional and Social Intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Quotient Inventory. In R. Bar-On, J. D. A. Parker (Eds.) Handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 363–388). San Francisco San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Belova, A. Yu. (2004). Psikhologicheskoe soprovozhdenie sotsial'noy adaptatsii voennosluzhashchikh, uvolennykh v zapas i chlenov ikh semey [Psychological Support of Servicemen Transferred to the Reserve and Their Families during Their Social Adaptation Period] (Abstract of Candidate Dissertation). Tver'.
- Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering Competence in Emotional Intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory. In R. Bar-On, J. D. A. Parker (Eds.) Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 343–362). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Breslav, G. M. (2004). Emotsional'nye osobennosti formirovaniya lichnosti v detstve [Emotional Features of Personality Formation in Childhood]. Moskva: Smysl; Izdatel'skiy tsentr “Akademiya”.
- Buyanov, V. I. (1996). Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya molodykh ofitserov k voennoy sluzhbe [Social and Psychological Readjustment of Young Officers to Military Service]. Moskva: In-t psikhologii RAN.
- Chayka, V. G. (2014). Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya ofitserov v trudovoy deyatel'nosti [Social and Psychological Readjustment of Officers to Civil Work Activities after Their Retirement] (Abstract of Candidate Dissertation). Moscow.
- Cherniss, C. (2001). Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Effectiveness. In C. Cherniss, D. Goleman (Eds.) The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace (pp. 3–12). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Ciarrochi, J. V., Dean, F. P., Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional Intelligence Moderates the Relationship between Stress and Mental Health. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 197–209.
- Clore, G. L., Ortony, A. (2000). Cognition in Emotion: Sometimes, always, or Never? In R. D. Lane, L. Nadel (Eds.) Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Degtyarev, A. V., Degtyareva, D. I. (2018). Svyaz' psikhologicheskikh granits lichnosti s emotsional'nym intellektom i samootnosheniem v yunosheskom vozraste [Connectivity between the Psychological Boundaries of the Individual with Emotional Intelligence and Self-Relationship in Adolescence]. Psikhologiya i parvo [Psychology and Law], 8(1), 44–62.
- Dulewicz, V., Higgs, M. (2000). Emotional Intelligence: A Review and Evaluation Study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15, 341–372.
- Ershova, R. V. (2016). Emotsional'nyy intellekt: teoriya i praktika issledovaniya [Emotional Intelligence: Theory and Practice of Research]. In Prakticheskaya psikhologiya obrazovaniya 21 veka: problemy i perspektivy [Practical Psychology of Education in the 21st Century: Problems and Prospects] (pp. 34–37). Kolomna: KGPI.
- Fetiskin, N. P., Kozlova, V. V., Manuylov, G. M. (2002). Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskaya diagnostika razvitiya lichnosti i malykh grupp [Socio-Psychological Diagnosis of Personal Development and That of Small Groups]. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Instituta Psikhoterapii.
- Feydimen, Dzh., Freyger, R. (1994). Lichnost' i lichnostnyy rost. Abrakham Maslou i psikhologiya samoaktualizatsii [Personality and Personal Growth. Abraham Maslow and the Psychology of Self-Actualization]. Moskva: Rossiyskiy otkrytyy Universitet.
- Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books, Inc.
- Goleman, D. (2001). An EI-based Theory of Performance. In C. Cherniss, D. Goleman (Eds.) The Emotionally Intelligent Workplace (pp. 27–43). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Goulman, D. (2013). Emotsional'nyy intellekt. Pochemu on mozhet znachit' bol'she, chem IQ [Emotional Intellect. Why it Can Matter More than IQ]. Moskva: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber.
- Grigor'eva, M. V. (2014). Ponyatiynyy apparat psikhologii adaptatsii lichnosti [Concept Apparatus in Psychology of Personality's Adaptation]. Izvestiya Saratovskogo un-ta. Novaya seriya Seriya Akmeologiya obrazovaniya. Psikhologiya razvitiya [Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology], 3, 259–262.
- Hjelle, L., Zigler, D. (1998). Teorii lichnosti [Personality Theories]. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatel'stvo “Piter”.
- Izard, K. E. (1999). Psikhologiya emotsiy [The Psychology of Emotions]. Sankt-Peterburg: Piter.
- Jones, A., Crandall, R. (1986). Validation of a Short Index of Self-Actualization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 12, 63–73.
- Khlevnaya, Ye. L. Yuzhaninova, L. A. (2013). Gde tvoya volshebnaya knopka? Kak razvivat' emotsional'nyy intellect [Where is your Magic Button? How to Develop Emotional Intelligence]. Sankt-Peterburg: Izdatel'stvo “Piter”.
- Kireeva, T. I. (2017). Psikhologicheskie priznaki stareniya [Psychological Signs of Aging]. In Klinicheskie i fundamental'nye aspekty gerontologii. Sbornik nauchnykh statey [Clinical and Fundamental Aspects of Gerontology. Collection of Scientific Articles]. Retrieved from http://gerontolog.info/docpdf/may17/samara2017.pdf
- Kraytorov, A. N. (2017). Emotsional'nyy intellekt kak integrativnyy fenomen psikhologicheskogo znaniya v strukture sotsial'nogo i obshchego intellekta [Emotional Intelligence as an Integrative Phenomenon of Psychological Knowledge in Structure of Social and General Intelligence]. Nauchnyy al'manakh [Science Almanac], 4–2(30), 212–215.
- Kudryavtsev, Yu. M., Utkin, V. E. (2018). Realizatsiya psikhologo-pedagogicheskikh usloviy voenno-professional'noy adaptatsii kursantov [Implementation of Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions for the Military and Professional Adaptation of Cadets]. Molodezh'. Obrazovanie. Nauka [Youth. Education. Science], 1–1(1), 171–176.
- Leont'ev, A. N. (1984). Potrebnosti, motivy, emotsii [Needs, Motives, Emotions]. In K. Vilyunas, Yu. B. Gippenreyter (Eds) Psikhologiya emotsiy. Teksty [Psychology of Emotions. Texts] (pp. 162–171). Moskva: Prosveshchenie.
- Lipunova, O. V. (2014). Emotsii, povedenie i lichnost' kak psikhologicheskaya problema [Emotions, Behavior and Personality as a Psychological Problem]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [Modern Problems of Science and Education.], 6. Retrieved from http://www.science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=15507
- MacCann, C., Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., Roberts, R. D. (2003). Psychological Assessment of Emotional Intelligence: A Review of Self-Report and Performance-Based Testing. International Journal of Organizational Assessment, 11, 247–274.
- Matthews, G., Zeidner, M. (2000). Emotional Intelligence, Adaptation to Stressful Encounters, and Health Outcomes. In R. Bar-On, J. D. A. Parker (Eds.). Handbook of Emotional Intelligence (pp. 459–489). New York: Jossey-Bass.
- Nosenko, E. L., Kovriga, N. V. (2003). Emotsiyniy intelekt: kontseptualiizatsiya fenomenu, osnovni funktsii [Emotional Intellect: Conceptualization of the Phenomenon, Main Functions]. Kiev: Vishcha shkola.
- Rubinshteyn, S. L. (2003). Bytie i soznanie. Chelovek i mir [Being and Consciousness. Man and the World]. Sankt-Petreburg.
- Senokosov, Zh. G. (1989). Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya molodykh soldat k voennoy sluzhbe [Socio-psychological Adaptation of Young Soldiers to Military Service] (Abstract of Candidate Dissertation). Moscow.
- Shabanov, S. Aleshina, A. (2014). Emotsional'nyy intellekt. Rossiyskaya praktika [Emotional Intelligence. Russian Practice]. Moskva: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber.
- Shamionov, R. M. (2014). Adaptational Potential and Subjective Well-Being of Comprehensive School Graduates and First Year Students of Higher Educational Institutions. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 51–56.
- Shamionov, R. M. (2015). Adaptatsionnaya gotovnost' lichnosti — sub'yekta sotsial'nogo vzaimodeystviya. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta [Adaptation Readiness of The Personality as a Subject of Social Interaction]. Novaya Seriya. Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika [Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy], 15(4), 106–112.
- Sidorenko, E. V. (2001). Metody matematicheskoy obrabotki v psikhologii [Methods of Mathematical Processing in Psychology]. SPb.: OOO “Rech'”.
- Stradanchenkov, A. S. (1994). Sotsial'naya adaptatsiya molodykh soldat k voinskoy sluzhbe [Social Adaptation of Young Soldiers to Military Service] (Candidate Dissertation). Barnaul.
- Velichko, S. V. (2004). Adaptatsionnyy potentsial voennosluzhashchikh v psikhologicheskoy podgotovke k grazhdanskoy zhizni [Adaptive Capacity of Military Personnel in Psychological Preparation for Civilian Life] (Abstract of Candidate Dissertation). Taganrog.
- Vilyunas, V. K. (1984). Osnovnye problemy psikhologicheskoy teorii emotsiy [The Main Problems of the Psychological Theory of Emotions.]. In V. K. Vilyunas, Yu. B. Gippenreyter (Eds). Psikhologiya emotsiy. Teksty [Psychology of Emotions. Texts] (pp. 3–28). Moskva: Prosveshchenie.
- Yablonko, V. Ya. (1982). Psikhologicheskiye osobennosti adaptatsii kursantov k uchebnoy, sluzhebnoy i obshchestvennoy deyatel'nosti v usloviyakh vysshego voyenno-uchebnogo zavedeniya [Psychological Features of the Adaptation of Cadets to Educational, Professional and Social Activities at a Higher Military School] (Candidate Dissertation). Moscow.
- Zakaryan, K. A. (2018). Emotsional'nyy intellekt kak raznovidnost' chelovecheskogo kapitala i issledovaniya na temu emotsional'nogo intellekta [Emotional Intelligence as a Form of Human Capital and Research on Emotional Intelligence]. In Aktual'nye nauchnye issledovaniya v sovremennom mire [Actual Scientific Research in the Modern World]. 6–4, 124–127.
- Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., Roberts, R. D. (2004). Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace: A Critical Review. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 5, 371–399.