UDC
159.9.072.5DOI
https://doi.org/10.31429/26190567-25-2-46-62How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Елена Алексеевна Сергиенко
Abstract
The objective of this article is to present a comparative analysis of the subjective-existential approach to the individual to other approaches in Russian psychology. The comparison analysis was implemented in 2023 in the collective monograph entitled “Scientific Approaches in Modern Russian Psychology”. It must be acknowledged that not all approaches have been included in this monograph. In order to address the abovementioned shortcomings, the subjective-existential approach was subjected to analysis and comparison with the relevant approaches. The justification for the allocation of coordinates for the comparison of different approaches required an analysis of the representations of different authors. This included the possibility of integrating all approaches (V. A. Mazilov, V. A. Yanchuk) and the possibility of comparing scientific approaches (E. A. Sergienko, A. V. Yurevich). The following coordinates of comparison were identified: the leading concept, the concretizing concepts, the methodological principles, and the leading methods. The subjective-existential approach posits that the primary concept is personality, with the specifying concepts being subject, being, and the methodological principles being personal, subjective, activity, and communicative. The main methods, which we classified according to B. G. Ananyev, are interpretative and empirical (experiment and psychodiagnostics). A comparison of the approaches revealed intersections of leading, concretizing concepts and methodological principles of subjective-existential approach with the activity, subject-activity, subject-analytical and systemic-subjective approaches, as well as the dynamic approach of L. I. Antsyferova, existential and eco-psychological approaches. The subjective-existential approach represents an expansion of the concept of personality and an understanding of the subject. It is one of the principal directions of the subjective approach. The introduction of the concept of the subject expands the search for the unity of bio-psycho-socio-cultural coordinates, which complements the understanding of mental development. Rather than focusing on universal characteristics, this approach emphasizes individual variants of mental organization and functioning. It appears that the subjective-existential approach to personality meets the criteria of modern methodological science and facilitates further interpenetration of different paradigms, thereby expanding the possibilities of psychological science.
Keywords
Funding information
The work was conducted in accordance with State Order No. 0138–2024–0009 on the topic “Systemic development of the subject in normal, sub-extreme, and extreme conditions of life activity”.
References
Barabanshchikov, V.A. (2007). Sistemnyy podkhod v strukture psikhologicheskogo poznaniya [Systematic Approach in the Structure of Psychological Cognition]. Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii [Methodology and History of Psychology], 2(1), 86–99.
Fomenko, G.Yu., Ryabikina, Z.I. (2018). Psikhologiya bezopasnosti lichnosti: sub’’yektno-bytiynyy podkhod [Psychology of Personal Security: Subject-being Approach]. Krasnodar: KubGU.
Gusel’tseva, M.S. (2016). Princtsip razvitiya v psikhologii: vyzovy poliparadigmal’nosti i transdisciplinarnosti [The Principle of Development in Psychology: Challenges of Polyparadigm and Transdisciplinarity]. In Zhuravlev A.L., Sergiyenko Ye. A. (Eds). Printsip razvitiya v sovremennoy psikhologii [The Principle of Development in Modern Psychology] (p. 31–61). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Gusel’tseva, M.S. (2018). Perspektivy razvitiya psikhologicheskogo znaniya: blesk i nishcheta prognozov [Perspectives on the Progress of Psychological Knowledge: The Brilliance and Poverty of Predictions]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, A.V. Yurevich (Eds). Psikhologicheskoye znaniye: Sovremennoye sostoyaniye i perspektivy razvitiya [Psychological knowledge: Current State and Development Prospects] (p. 628–670). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Gusel’tseva, M.S., Izotova, Ye.I. (2016). Pozitivnaya socializaciya detey i podrostkov: metodologiya i empirika [Positive socialization of children and adolescents: methodology and empirics]. M.: Smysl.
Guseynov, A.Sh., Shipovskaya, V.V. (2023). Lichnostnaya zrelost’ kak osnova garmonichnogo i autentichnogo bytiya v usloviyakh tranzitivnosti [Personal Maturity as The Basis of Harmonious and Authentic Being in Conditions of Transitivity]. Yuzhno-rossiyskiy zhurnal social’nykh nauk [South Russian Journal of Social Sciences], 24(3), 24–26. DOI: 10.31429/26190567-24-3-24-44
Mazilov, V.A. (2007). Integratsiya nauchnogo znaniya v psikhologii [The Integration of Scientific Knowledge in Psychology]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, A.V. Yurevich (Eds). Teoriya i Metodologiya psikhologii: Postneklassicheskaya perspektiva [Theory and Methodology of Psychology: Post-Neoclassical Perspective] (p. 427–458) M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Mazilov, V.A. (2020). Psikhologicheskaya nauka v “stroitel’nykh lesakh” [Psychological Science in “Scaffolding”]. Sibirskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Siberian Psychological Journal], 77, 23–43. DOI: 10.17223/17267080/77/2
Panov, V.I. (2023). Eko-psikhologicheskiy podkhod k razvitiyu psikhiki: predposylki, konstrukty, paradigms [Ecopsychological Approach to Mental Development: Prerequisites, Constructs, Paradigms]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, Ye.A. Sergiyenko, G.A. Vilenskaya (Eds). Nauchnye podkhody v sovremennoy otechestvennoy psikhologii [Scientific Approaches in Modern Russian Psychology] (pp. 409–439). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Petrovskiy, A.V., Yaroshevskiy M.G. (1998). Osnovy teoreticheskoy psikhologii [Fundamentals of Theoretical Psychology]. M.: Infra-M.
Ryabikina, Z.I. (2003). Lichnost’ i yeye bytiye v bystro menyayushchemsya mire [Personality and Its Being in a Rapidly Changing World]. In Lichnost’ i bytie: teoriya i metodologiya [Personality and Being: Theory and Methodology] (p. 5–26). Krasnodar: Izd-vo Kubanskogo gos. un-ta.
Sergiyenko, Ye.A. (2011). Sistemno-sub’’yektnyy podkhod: obosnovaniye i perspektiva [System-Subject Approach: Justification and Prospects]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Psychological Journal], 32(1), 120–132.
Sergiyenko, Ye.A. (2016). Mezhparadigmal’nyye mosty [Cross-Paradigmatic Bridges]. Psikhologicheskiye issledovaniya [Psychological Research], 9(48), 4.
Sergiyenko, Ye.A. (2018). Ot differenciatsii k integratsii podkhodov i kategoriy v sovremennom psikhologicheskom znanii [From Differentiation to Integration of Approaches and Categories in Modern Psychological Knowledge]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, A.V. Yurevich (Eds). Psikhologicheskoye znaniye: Sovremennoye sostoyaniye i perspektivy razvitiya [Psychological Knowledge: Current State and Development Prospects] (p. 308–331). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Sergiyenko, Ye.A. (2021). Psikhicheskoye razvitiye s poziciy sistemno-sub’’yektnogo podkhoda [Mental Development from the Standpoint of the System-subject Approach]. M.: izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Sergiyenko, Ye.A. (2023). Vnutrenniy mir cheloveka: yedin li predmet psikhologii? (priglasheniye k diskussii) [The Inner World of Man: is There a Single Subject of Psychology? (Invitation to Discussion)]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Psychological Journal], 44(6), 124–134. DOI: 10.31857/S020595920029080-4
Yanchuk, V.A. (2006). Postmodernistskiy, sotsiokul’turnyy interdeterministskiy dialogizm kak perspektiva pozitsionirovaniya v predmete psikhologii [Postmodern, Sociocultural Interdeterminist Dialogism as a Perspective of Positioning in the Subject of Psychology]. Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii [Methodology and History of Psychology], 1(1), 193–206.
Yanchuk, V.A. (2018). Kul’turno-dialogicheskaya metaperspektiva integracii psikhologii v usloviyakh neopredelennosti i konstruktivistskogo mnogoobraziya [Cultural-dialogical Metaperspective of Psychology Knowledge Integration in Conditions of Incertainity and Constructivist Diversity]. Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii [Methodology and History of Psychology], 7(1), 124–154.
Yurevich, A.V. (2018). Struktura psikhologicheskikh teoriy [Structure of Psychological Theories]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, A.V. Yurevich (Eds). Psikhologicheskoye znanie: Sovremennoye sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya [Psychological Knowledge: Current State and Development Prospects] (p. 141–159). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Zhuravlev, A.L., Sergiyenko, Ye.A., Vilenskaya, G.A. (2023). Sovremennye podkhody v otechestvennoy psikhologii: yedinstvo v raznoobrazii [Modern Approaches in Russian Psychology: Unity in Diversity]. In A.L. Zhuravlev, Ye.A. Sergiyenko, G.A. Vilenskaya (Eds). Nauchnye podkhody v sovremennoy otechestvennoy psikhologii [Scientific Approaches in Modern Russian Psychology] (p. 7–98). M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Zhuravlev, A.L., Sergiyenko, Ye.A., Vilenskaya, G.A. (Eds). (2023). Nauchnye podkhody v sovremennoy otechestvennoy psikhologii [Scientific Approaches in Modern Russian Psychology]. M.: Izd-vo “Institut psikhologii RAN”.
Znakov, V.V., Ryabikina Z.I. (2017). Psikhologiya chelovecheskogo bytiya [Psychology of Human Existence]. M.: Smysl.