Abstract
In the article, within the framework of the procedural and resource approaches, the model of self-realization of the individual in the space of psychological education is theoretically and empirically substantiated. The choice of the latter is due to the search for a sphere that is relevant for studying the realization of the personality of oneself outside the traditional spheres of activity — professional and family. Self-realization is understood by the authors as a transition from potential resources of an individual to actual and actualized ones, thanks to the subjective position of the individual. It has been proven that at each stage of self-realization (self-determination, self-expression, self-fulfillment and self-actualization), a person strives to discover and develop various resources. The theoretical model is supported by the results of numerous empirical cross-sections, including longitudinal ones, carried out by the authors over several years on students of the Faculty of Psychology, as well as on individuals who do not have and do not receive a psychological education. It was found that psychological education has a positive effect on a number of personal properties, justifying the personal and social expectations of students. Thanks to him, a sense of success and independence, a positive self-attitude, a sense of pride, self-confidence, optimism, control of present and future events, meaningfulness and significance of life, self-motivation increase. The competencies acquired in the learning process help to stabilize and harmonize family and friendships, improve communication with colleagues at work, expand the circle of like-minded people, people who can support in difficult life situations. This is largely due to the strengthening of the adaptive potential and resource capacity of the personality itself, the positive dynamics of its self-awareness, contributing to the achievement of the highest level of coping activity of the proactive type.
Keywords
References
- Abul’khanova-Slavskaya, K. A. (1991). Strategiya zhizni [Life Strategy]. M.: Mysl’.
- Andreeva, O. V. (2020). Otvetstvennost’ kak neobkhodimoe uslovie samorealizatsii cheloveka [Responsibility as a Prerequisite for the Individual’s Self-realization]. In L. I. Dementiy (Ed.) Sotsial’naya, professional’naya i personal’naya otvetstvennost’ lichnosti v sovremennom obshchestve: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem (Omsk, 8–10 oktyabrya 2020 g.) (pp. 136–139) [The Social, Professional and Personal Responsibility of the Individual in Modern Society: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation. (Omsk, 8–10 October 2020)]. Omsk: Izdatel’stvo Omskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta.
- Aspinwall, L. G., Taylor, S. E. (1997). A Stitch in Time: Self-Regulation and Proactive Coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 417–436.
- Bazaeva, F. U. (2009). Samorealizatsiya kak filosofskaya, psikhologicheskaya i pedagogicheskaya kategoriya [Self-Realisaton as a Philosophical, Psychological and Pedagogical Category]. Obrazovanie i nauka [The Education and Science Journal], 9(66), 47–54.
- Belykh, T. V. (2015). Dinamika sub’’ektnykh svoystv lichnosti v protsesse obucheniya v vuze [Dynamics of Subjective Characteristics of Personality in The Process of Studying at the University]. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya Akmeologiya obrazovaniya. Psikhologiya razvitiya [Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology], 2(14), 110–114.
- Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing Coping Strategies: a Theoretically Based Approach. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283.
- Dementiy, L. I., Malenov, A. A. (2012). Psikhologicheskie znaniya kak resurs razvitiya lichnosti spetsialista sotsionomicheskogo profilya [Psychological Knowledge as a Resource of Personal Development of Expert Socionomy Specialization]. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta [Herald of Omsk University], 3(65), 283–288.
- Dementiy, L. I., Malenov, A. A., Malenova, A. YU. (2020). Uroven’ samoaktualizatsii i adaptatsionnyy potentsial kak koping-resursy lichnosti na etape samorealizatsii [Self-Actualization Level and Adaptation Potential as Personality Coping Resources at the Stage of Self-Realization]. Sibirskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal [Siberian Journal of Psychology], 78, 80–98.
- Derkach, A. A., Sayko, E. V. (2010). Samorealizatsiya — osnovanie akmeologicheskogo razvitiya: monografiya [Self-Realization — the Basis of Acmeological Development: Monograph]. Moskva: MPSI; Voronezh: MODEK.
- Druzhinina, S. V. (2015). Resursnaya rol’ intellekta i kreativnosti v samorealizatsii podrostkov starshego vozrasta [Resource Role of Intelligence and Creativity in Selfrealization Older Teens]. Akmeologiya [Acmeology], 4(56), 66–71.
- Egorov, D. V. (2007). Samorealizatsiya kak komponent smyslozhiznennykh strategiy studentov-psikhologov raznoy lichnostnoy napravlennosti [Self-realization as a Component of the Life-Meaning Strategies of Psychology Students of Various Personal Orientations] (Candidate Dissertation). Rostov-on-Don.
- Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.W. (1991). Coping and Emotion. In S. Folkman, R. W. Lazarus Stress and Coping: An Anthology. N.Y.: Columbia University Press.
- Frizen, M. A., Plotnitskaya, M. R. (2015). Sub’’ektnost’ lichnosti v plane samorealizatsii i samorazvitiya: resursy i prakticheskie tekhnologii [The Subjectivity of The Individual in Terms of Self-Realization and Self-Development: Resources and Practical Technology]. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial’nykh problem [Modern Studies of Social Issues], 8(52), 322–334.
- Frolova, E. A. (2004). Psikhologicheskie usloviya lichnostnoy samorealizatsii v sisteme profil’nogo obucheniya starsheklassnikov [Psychological Conditions of Personal Self-Realization in the System of Specialized Training for Senior Pupils] (Abstract of Candidate Dissertation). Samara.
- Frydenberg, E., Lewis, R. (1991). Adolescent Coping Styles and Strategies. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 1, 35–43.
- Gorskaya, G. B., Fomichenko, N. G. (2015). Problema raskrytiya lichnostnykh resursov samorealizatsii (na primere sportsmenov vysokoy kvalifikatsii) [The Problem of Discovery of Personal Resources of Self-Realization (Case Study of Elite Athletes)]. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya [Theory and Practice of Social Development], 22, 303–306.
- Gorskaya, G. B., Kompaniets, V. I. (2018). Psikhologicheskie resursy i bar’ery vklyucheniya lichnosti v sovremennyy zhiznennyy mir [Psychological Resources and Barriers of Personality Involvement in Contemporary Life World]. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya “Psikhologiya” [Herald Of Omsk University. Series: Psychology], 2, 4–10.
- Greenglass, E. (2002). Chapter 3. Proactive Coping and Quality of Life Management. In E. Frydenberg (Ed.) Beyond Coping: Meeting Goals, Vision, and Challenges. London: Oxford University Press.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). Conversation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). Stress, Culture, and Community. N.Y. and London.
- Korostyleva, L. A. (2001). Psikhologiya samorealizatsii lichnosti: osnovnye sfery zhiznedeyatel’nosti [Psychology of Personality Self-Realization: The Main Spheres of Life]. Saint Petersburg.
- Lazarus, R.W., Folkman, S. (1991). The Concept of Coping In S. Folkman, R. W. Lazarus Stress and Coping: An Anthology. N.Y.: Columbia University Press.
- Leont’ev, D. A. (1997). Samorealizatsiya i sushchnostnye sily cheloveka [Self-Realization and the Essential Forces of a Person]. In D. A. Leont’ev, V. G. Shchur (Eds) Psikhologiya s chelovecheskim litsom: gumanisticheskaya perspektiva v postsovetskoy psikhologii [Psychology with a Human Face: a Humanistic Perspective in Post-Soviet Psychology] (pp. 156–176). Moskva: Smysl.
- Malenov, A. A. (2010). Vozrastnye osobennosti motivov polucheniya psikhologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Age-specific Motives for Receiving Psychological Education]. In Lichnost’ v izmenyayushchikhsya sotsial’nykh usloviyakh: materialy II Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem 21–23 aprelya 2010 g. [Personality in Changing Social Conditions: Materials of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation April 21–23, 2010] (pp. 207–212). Krasnoyarsk: Izdatel’stvo Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. P. Astaf’eva.
- Malenov, A. A. (2011). Problema diagnostiki motivov vybora professii u studentov zrelogo vozrasta [The Problem of Diagnosing Career Motives in Mature Students]. In Psikhodiagnostika v sovremennom mire: materialy 5-y Vserossiyskoy studencheskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii 14–15 maya 2011 g. (pp. 148–160) [Psychodiagnostics in the Modern World: Materials of the 5th All-Russian Student Scientific and Practical Conference on May 14–15, 2011]. Ekaterinburg: izd-vo RGPPU.
- Malenov, A. A. (2013). Resursy psikhologicheskogo obrazovaniya v zrelom vozraste: faktornyy podkhod [Resources of Psychological Education in The Middle Years: A Factor Approach]. Psikhologiya obucheniya [Psychology of Learning], 7, 115–131.
- Malenov, A. A. (2016). Otsenka priobreteniy i poter’ personal’nykh resursov studentami fakul’teta psikhologii zrelogo vozrasta [Evaluation of Acquisitions and Losses of Personal Resources by Adult Students at the Department of Psychology]. In Anan’evskie chteniya — 2016: Psikhologiya vchera, segodnya, zavtra: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, 25–27 oktyabrya 2016 g. [Ananyev Readings — 2016: Psychology Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow: Materials of the International Scientific Conference, October 25–27, 2016] (pp. 347–348). SPb.: SPbGU. Skifiya-print.
- Malenov, A. A. (2016). Vzaimosvyaz’ urovnya samoaktualizatsii i adaptatsionnogo potentsiala vzroslykh lyudey pri poluchenii psikhologicheskogo obrazovaniya [The Relationship between the Level of Self-fulfillment and the Adaptive Capacity of Adults to Receive Psychological Education]. In M. A. Kholodnaya, G. V. Ozhiganova (Eds) Mental’nye resursy lichnosti: teoreticheskie i prikladnye issledovaniya: materialy tret’ego mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma. Trudy Instituta psikhologii RAN [Mental Resources of a Personality: Theoretical and Applied Research: Materials of the Third International Symposium. Proceedings of the Institute of Psychology RAS] (pp. 169–174). Izdatel’stvo: Institut psikhologii RAN.
- Malenov, A. A. (2017). Vliyanie psikhologicheskogo obrazovaniya na uroven’ samoaktualizatsii studentov zrelogo vozrasta [The Impact of Psychological Education on the Level of Self-fulfillment of Adult Students]. In Vserossiyskaya vesennyaya psikhologicheskaya sessiya: sbornik materialov Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [The All-Russian Spring Psychological Session: A Collection of Materials from the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference] (pp. 175–178). Ekaterinburg: Ural’skiy gosudarstvennyy pedagogicheskiy universitet.
- Malenov, A. A. (2019). Aktualizirovannye lichnost’yu resursy v protsesse polucheniya psikhologicheskogo obrazovaniya na etape samorealizatsii [Personalized Resources of the Individual in the Process of Obtaining Psychological Education at the Stage of Self-realization]. In Omskie nauchnye chteniya: materialy Tret’ey Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (Omsk, 2–6 dekabrya 2019 g.) [Omsk Scientific Readings: Materials of the Third All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference (Omsk, December 2–6, 2019)] (pp. 391–393). Omsk: Izdatel’stvo Omskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta.
- Maslow, A. (1982). Samoaktualizatsiya [Self-actualization]. In Psikhologiya lichnosti. Teksty [Psychology of Personality. Texts]. Moskva: Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta.
- Orel, A. A. (2011). Psikhologicheskie resursy samorealizatsii lichnosti v prostranstve professional’nogo bytiya [Psychological Resources of Personality Self-Realization in the Space of Professional Life] (Abstract of Candidate Dissertation). Krasnodar.
- Petrovskiy, V. A. (2009). Sem’ prostranstv sushchestvovaniya lichnosti: formal’nye modeli sostoyatel’nosti [Seven Spaces of Personality Existence: Formal Models of Consistency]. Mir psikhologii [Mir psikhologii], 1(57), 25–42.
- Samal’, E. V. (2008). Samoaktualizatsiya lichnosti v protsesse obucheniya v vuze [Self-actualization of the Individual in the Course of Study at the University] (Candidate Dissertation). Yaroslavl.
- Saporovskaya, M. V. (2012). Psikhologiya mezhpokolennykh otnosheniy v sovremennoy rossiyskoy sem’e [Psychology of Intergenerational Relations in the Modern Russian Family]. Kostroma: KGU im. N. A. Nekrasova.
- Savchenko, N. A. (2008). Smyslovye ustanovki kak komponent professional’nykh dispozitsiy studentov-psikhologov [Semantic Attitudes as a Component of Professional Dispositions of Psychology Students] (Candidate Dissertation). Rostov-na-Donu.
- Schwarzer, R., Taubert, S. (2002). Tenacious goal Pursuits and Striving toward Personal Growth: Proactive Coping. In E. Fydenberg (Ed.) Beyond Coping: Meeting Goals, Visions and Challenges. London: Oxford University Press.
- Thoits, P. A. (1991). Gender Differences in Coping with Emotional Distress: The Social of Coping. New York: Plenum Press
- Vitkovskaya, I. I. (2015). Samorealizatsiya kak neot’’emlemaya stupen’ samoosushchestvleniya lichnosti [Self-Realization is Inseparable From Self-Actualization of a Personality]. Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsial’nykh problem [Contemporary Research on Social Problems], 11(55), 545–552.
- Zubkova, E.A. (2006). Osobennosti semeynoy i trudovoy samorealizatsii lichnosti [Features of Family and Work Self-Realization of the Individual] (Candidate Dissertation). Kursk.