Аннотация
В статье раскрывается проблема операционализации понятия «интероцептивное осознавание», рассматриваются отечественные и зарубежные подходы к психологической диагностике данного феномена. Интероцептивное осознавание представлено как процесс, имеющий сложную психобиологическую природу и выполняющий важную роль в целостной регуляции психической деятельности в условиях здорового и патологического функционирования. Подчеркивается необходимость субъектного подхода к анализу процесса интероцептивного осознавания с акцентом на его адаптивные и неадаптивные аспекты. Показано отличие подхода к телесному осознаванию, связанного с изучением интероцептивных процессов, от подходов, в основе которых лежит анализ ментальных образов телесности. Цель данной статьи — выявить потенциал психодиагностического инструментария, разработанного для исследований в данной области как в России, так и за рубежом. В статье проанализированы экспериментальные и психодиагностические методы, используемые в настоящее время для диагностики интероцептивного осознавания, среди них: метод биологической обратной связи (БОС), методика «Выбор дескрипторов интроцептивных ощущений», разработанная А.Ш.Тхостовым, а также ряд зарубежных опросников (BCQ, BIS, BAM, BAQ, MAIA). Анализу были подвергнуты также косвенные методы исследования интероцептивного осознавания, в том числе опросники для изучения переживания «образа тела», известные и авторские проективные и полупроективные методики. Было выявлено, что методики, применяемые в отечественных исследованиях, либо недостаточно нацелены на изучение процесса интероцептивного осознавания, либо неудобны для практического использования в силу громоздкости, либо излишне биологизируют изучаемый процесс. Показан диагностический потенциал опросника «Многомерная оценка интероцептивного осознавания» (MAIA). Сделан вывод о необходимости адаптации данной методики к русскоязычной среде.
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